What Is Coronary Artery Disease? Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Medically reviewed by Dr. Nikhil Singh
Last reviewed: 14 Jun 2026
Coronary artery disease (CAD) develops when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed by a build-up of plaque. It is a major cause of heart attacks and is often treated with or bypass surgery.
Risk Factors
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Smoking
- Being overweight and physical inactivity
- A family history of heart disease
Warning Symptoms
Symptoms may build up over time or appear suddenly. Seek medical help promptly if you notice them.
- Chest pain or pressure (angina)
- Shortness of breath
- Pain spreading to the arm, neck or jaw
- Unusual fatigue
- Sweating or nausea
How It Is Treated
Treatment depends on severity and ranges from lifestyle changes and medication to procedures that restore blood flow. A cardiologist guides the right approach.
- Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, quitting smoking)
- Medication as prescribed by a doctor
- Coronary angioplasty with a stent
- Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between angioplasty and bypass?
Angioplasty opens a narrowed artery with a balloon and usually a stent, while bypass surgery (CABG) creates a new route around blocked arteries using grafts. The choice depends on the pattern and severity of disease.
Can coronary artery disease be prevented?
Risk can be reduced significantly through a healthy diet, regular exercise, not smoking, and managing blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes.
Related
- Coronary angioplasty (stent) cost in India
- Heart bypass (CABG) cost in India
- CGHS angioplasty rate list
Medical Disclaimer
The information provided in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read in this article.
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Angioplasty opens a narrowed artery with a balloon and usually a stent, while bypass surgery (CABG) creates a new route around blocked arteries using grafts. The choice depends on the pattern and severity of disease.
Risk can be reduced significantly through a healthy diet, regular exercise, not smoking, and managing blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes.
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Written by Dr. Nikhil Singh
Last reviewed: 14 June 2026
Medical Disclaimer
The content provided on Zospital is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or emergency services immediately.