Understanding Knee Osteoarthritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Medically reviewed by Dr. Nikhil Singh, Anaesthesia, MBBS, MD
Last reviewed: 25 Aug 2026 · How we review health content
Knee osteoarthritis is a common joint condition in which the protective cartilage in the knee gradually wears down, which causes pain and stiffness. It is one of the most common reasons people eventually consider knee replacement surgery.
What Causes Knee Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis develops as the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones in the knee breaks down over time.
- Ageing and natural wear over years
- Being overweight, which increases load on the knee
- Previous knee injury or surgery
- Repetitive stress from certain occupations or activities
- A family history of osteoarthritis
Common Symptoms
- Knee pain that worsens with activity
- Stiffness, especially in the morning or after rest
- Swelling around the joint
- A grating or clicking sensation
- Reduced range of motion
How It Is Diagnosed
A doctor diagnoses knee osteoarthritis from your symptoms, a physical examination and imaging such as an X-ray, which can show narrowing of the joint space and other changes.
Treatment Options
Treatment usually starts with non-surgical measures and progresses to surgery only when symptoms are severe and other options have not helped. Discuss the right approach with a qualified orthopaedic doctor.
- Weight management and low-impact exercise
- Physiotherapy to strengthen supporting muscles
- Pain-relief medication as advised by a doctor
- Injections in selected cases
- Knee replacement surgery for advanced osteoarthritis
Frequently Asked Questions
Can knee osteoarthritis be cured?
Osteoarthritis cannot be reversed, but symptoms can often be managed for years with weight management, exercise and medical care. Knee replacement is considered for advanced cases.
When is knee replacement needed?
When pain is severe, daily activities are limited and non-surgical treatments no longer help. The decision is made with an orthopaedic doctor.
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Medical Disclaimer
The information provided in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read in this article.
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Osteoarthritis cannot be reversed, but symptoms can often be managed for years with weight management, exercise and medical care. Knee replacement is considered for advanced cases.
When pain is severe, daily activities are limited and non-surgical treatments no longer help. The decision is made with an orthopaedic doctor.
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Anaesthesia, MBBS, MD
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Written by Dr. Nikhil Singh
Anaesthesia, MBBS, MD
Last reviewed: 25 August 2026
Medical Disclaimer
The content provided on Zospital is for general informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or emergency services immediately.
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